Europe Corporate Renewable PPA Market Report 2024 ÷ 2033 - Single User

This independent, 230+ page report of Renewable Market Watch™ analyzes the corporate renewable PPA market in 44 European countries. Through extensive research and discussions with experts in the industry, Renewable Market Watch™ has identified a series of market trends that will impact investment volume and renewable energy capacity additions under corporate renewable PPA models over the coming decade in Europe.

Industry analysts of Renewable Market Watch™ used a complex array of research sources to understand better the role of corporate renewable PPAs and their application in European countries under different local regulations. Corporate renewable PPAs will support reducing carbon emissions and contribute to the construction of new renewable energy projects. e.g., the RE100, made up of many of the world’s most influential companies, have all committed to 100% renewable energy, e.g. Google, MARS, Microsoft, Nestle.

The European corporate renewable PPA market has proliferated by over seven-fold increase from 2016 until 2022. Solar represents the majority of commercial and industrial onsite installations, including self-consumption projects, onsite PPAs, and near-site private wire PPAs. Wind represents the most installed corporate renewable PPA capacity in Europe in 2021 and 2022, while solar dominates in 2023. Spain is the European corporate renewable PPA market leader in the 2013 – 2023 top 10 ranks with over 24 per cent of the total capacity, followed by Sweden, Norway and other countries.

Corporate customers are an additional potential source of PPAs for a project. This is particularly important for renewable energy projects as it is becoming increasingly challenging to secure PPAs with retailers.

This report is essential reading for you or anyone interested in the fast-growing corporate renewable PPA market in Europe. It includes an investment trends overview, a competitive landscape, and a forecast of how investment volume in this market will develop over the next ten years. In addition, this report provides a comparative analysis of existing mechanisms supporting the use of corporate renewable PPAs in all European countries and highlights the challenges and opportunities associated with their developments. You will also find a detailed explanation of classifying different corporate PPA models and their characteristics.

Purchasing this report will aid your company’s ability to recognize important market opportunities and understand the possibilities for investment in this area and will receive an overview of how the recovery of COVID-19 (Coronavirus), the military conflict in Ukraine and the European Union's decision to make a significant reduction of Russian gas and other energy commodities import will impact it. The author of this report, Renewable Market Watch™, has distinguished itself throughout the years by publishing unbiased reports for global renewable energy markets. For your convenience, we offer the opportunity for orders with customized report content. Reasons to buy this market report are, but are not limited to:

• Renewable energy resource potential in Europe
• Over 165 charts, maps and tables
• Profiles of 44 countries
• Energy prices for corporate PPAs per country and aggregated for Europe
• Information about key industries sourcing electricity from renewable energy sources (RES) in Europe
• Historical market data provided from 2013 to 2023 and forecasts until 2033
• Development scenario of the European corporate renewable PPA market until 2033 by countries
• Cumulative development forecast of corporate renewable PPA volume in Europe by countries
• Attractiveness index and comparative analysis for corporate renewable PPAs in Europe
• SWOT Analysis (detailed in 5 pages)
• Overview of Europe's legal and regulatory framework for corporate renewable PPAs by countries
• Project developers, EPC services providers and Consultants in the European corporate renewable PPA market
• Risk analysis for investments in the European corporate renewable PPA market
• Investment potential and opportunities

On the next pages, you will see the full table of contents of this report. To order this report, click on the button "ADD TO CART". The table of contents is referential and may vary upon report updates. If you have any other questions or data requests, please do not hesitate to call us on ++44 203 807 00 79 or write an e-mail to orders@renewablemarketwatch.com

1. METHODOLOGY 14
1.1. Methodology 14
1.2. Forecast Software and Methodology 16
1.2.1. Purpose 16
1.2.2. Description 16
1.2.3. Input data 17
1.2.4. Output data 17
1.3. Limitations 18
2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 19
2.1. Primary Renewable Resource Availability 19
2.2. Renewable Energy Sources (RES) Policies and Targets in Europe 19
2.3. Risks Associated with Corporate Renewable PPA Projects 19
2.4. Future Market Trends 20
2.5. COVID-19 (Coronavirus) Impact on European and Global Corporate Renewable PPA Market 20
3. EUROPEAN UNION RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY LANDSCAPE 21
3.1. Renewable Energy Sources (RES) Regulations and EU Directives Affecting European Countries 21
3.1.1. Precedent EU Regulations 21
3.2. Renewable Energy Mandatory Targets for European Countries set out by the European Commission (EC) 22
3.2.1. Interim Targets Set out by the EU 22
3.2.2. National Support Schemes Flexibility Allowed by the EU and Progress Reporting 23
3.3. Energy Community (EC) Treaty 24
3.4. EU 2030 Framework for Climate and Energy Policies 25
3.5. European Union Energy Roadmap 2050 28
3.6. NATURA 2000 Network 30
3.7. Guidance of EU Commission for State Intervention in Electricity 31
3.8. European Green Deal 36
4. EUROPE ENERGY MARKET 37
4.1. General Electricity Market Information 37
4.2. Single Electricity Market in European Union (EU) 43
5. EUROPE CORPORATE RENEWABLE POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENT (PPA) MARKET 46
5.1. Support Schemes for Renewable Energy Sources (RES) Generation in Europe 46
5.2. Market Overview 47
5.3. Future Development Trends 48
6. COUNTRY PROFILES 51
6.1. ALBANIA 51
6.2. ARMENIA 55
6.3. AUSTRIA 58
6.4. AZERBAIJAN 61
6.5. BELARUS 63
6.6. BELGIUM 65
6.7. BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 69
6.8. BULGARIA 75
6.9. CROATIA 80
6.10. CYPRUS 83
6.11. THE CZECH REPUBLIC 86
6.12. DENMARK 89
6.13. ESTONIA 91
6.14. FINLAND 92
6.15. FRANCE 95
6.16. GEORGIA 97
6.17. GERMANY 98
6.18. GREECE 102
6.19. HUNGARY 106
6.20. IRELAND 109
6.21. ITALY 111
6.22. KAZAKHSTAN 116
6.23. KOSOVO 119
6.24. LATVIA 121
6.25. LITHUANIA 123
6.26. NORTH MACEDONIA 126
6.27. MALTA 129
6.28. MOLDOVA 131
6.29. MONTENEGRO 133
6.30. NETHERLANDS 137
6.31. NORWAY 140
6.32. POLAND 142
6.33. PORTUGAL 146
6.34. ROMANIA 150
6.35. RUSSIA 153
6.36. SERBIA 156
6.37. SLOVAK REPUBLIC (SLOVAKIA) 160
6.38. SLOVENIA 163
6.39. SPAIN 167
6.40. SWEDEN 169
6.41. SWITZERLAND 173
6.42. TURKEY 176
6.43. UKRAINE 182
6.44. THE UNITED KINGDOM 187
7. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CORPORATE RENEWABLE POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENT (PPA) MARKET AND ATTRACTIVENESS INDEX IN EUROPE BY COUNTRIES 191
8. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MANDATORY RENEWABLE ENERGY CAPACITY GENERATION TARGETS IN EUROPE 192
9. ELECTRICITY GRID NETWORK IN EUROPE 194
9.1. Transmission System Operators (TSO’s) 194
9.2. Distribution System Operators (DSO’s) 198
9.3. Grid Connection Constraints 203
10. SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPE AS A KEY FACTOR FOR CORPORATE RENEWABLE POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENT (PPA) MARKET GROWTH 204
10.1. Smart Grid and Super Smart Grid Concept 204
10.2. Smart Grid Support Initiatives in European Countries 206
11. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE. PROJECT DEVELOPERS AND INVESTORS IN EUROPE CORPORATE RENEWABLE POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENT (PPA) MARKET 209
12. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE. EPC COMPANIES, EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS, AND CONSULTANTS IN EUROPE CORPORATE RENEWABLE POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENT (PPA) MARKET 214
13. SWOT ANALYSIS OF EUROPE CORPORATE RENEWABLE POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENT (PPA) MARKET 221
14. RISKS ABOUT INVESTMENTS IN EUROPE CORPORATE RENEWABLE POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENT (PPA) MARKET 225
14.1. Regulatory Risk 225
14.2. Permits 225
14.3. Competition within the Corporate Renewable PPA Industry 226
14.4. Insurance Risk 226
14.5. Force Majeure Risk 227
14.6. Dependency on Suppliers 227
14.7. Construction 227
14.8. Technology Risk 227
14.9. Operation and Maintenance Risk 228
14.10. Market Price of Electricity 228
15. INVESTMENT TRENDS, POTENTIAL AND OPPORTUNITIES IN EUROPE CORPORATE RENEWABLE POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENT (PPA) MARKET 229
16. CONCLUSIONS 232
17. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 235
18. REFERENCES 239
19. DISCLAIMER 240

MAP 1: Transmission Grids System Map of Europe 2023 37
MAP 2: Exchange Balance of Physical Energy Flow Values in TWh in Europe and Evolution between 2022 and 2023 38
MAP 3: Share of Renewables from Electricity Consumption in Europe, 2023 (in %) 40
Map 4: The European Network of Transmission System Operators (TSO’s) for Electricity 2023 194
MAP 5: Map of RWE Group Operations in Europe 200
MAP 6: Map of CEZ Group Operations in Europe 201
MAP 7: Smart Grid Projects Map in Europe 2023 208

Chart 1: Average Base Load Electricity Price in Selected European Countries (€/MWh): 2012 – 2022; Sources: EC Gas and electricity market reports; Renewable Market WatchTM 39
Chart 2: Forecast for RES Generation Capacity by Source Type in the EU to 2022 and 2032 (in GW) 42
Chart 3: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Europe 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates 49
Chart 4: Cumulative Investment Volume Forecast in Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Capacity in Europe 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates 50
Chart 5: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Albania 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM; 52
Chart 6: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Albania 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 54
Chart 7: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Armenia 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 55
Chart 8: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Armenia 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 57
Chart 9: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Austria 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 59
Chart 10: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Austria 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 60
Chart 11: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Azerbaijan 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 61
Chart 12: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Azerbaijan 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 62
Chart 13: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Belarus 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 63
Chart 14: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Belarus 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 64
Chart 15: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Belgium 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 66
Chart 16: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Belgium 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 68
Chart 17: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Bosnia and Herzegovina 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 70
Chart 18: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Bosnia and Herzegovina 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 73
Chart 19: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Bulgaria 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 76
Chart 20: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Bulgaria 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates 79
Chart 21: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Croatia 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 81
Chart 22: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Croatia 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 82
Chart 23: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Cyprus 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 84
Chart 24: Cumulative Investment Volume Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Capacity in Cyprus 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 85
Chart 25: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Czech Republic 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 87
Chart 26: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Czech Republic 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 88
Chart 27: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Denmark 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 89
Chart 28: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Denmark 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 90
Chart 29: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Estonia 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 91
Chart 30: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Estonia 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 92
Chart 31: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Finland 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 93
Chart 32: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Finland 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 94
Chart 33: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Power Capacity in France 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 95
Chart 34: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in France 2010 - 96
Chart 35: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Georgia 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 97
Chart 36: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Georgia 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 98
Chart 37: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Germany 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 99
Chart 38: Cumulative Investment Volume Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Capacity in Germany 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 101
Chart 39: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Greece 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 104
Chart 40: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Greece 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 105
Chart 41: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Hungary 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 106
Chart 42: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Hungary 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 108
Chart 43: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Ireland 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 109
Chart 44: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Ireland 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 110
Chart 45: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Italy 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 113
Chart 46: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Italy 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 114
Chart 47: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Kazakhstan 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 116
Chart 48: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Kazakhstan 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 118
Chart 49: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Kosovo 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 119
Chart 50: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Kosovo 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 120
Chart 51: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Latvia 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 122
Chart 52: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Latvia 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 122
Chart 53: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Lithuania 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 123
Chart 54: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Lithuania 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 124
Chart 55: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in North Macedonia 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 126
Chart 56: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in North Macedonia 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 127
Chart 57: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Malta 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 129
Chart 58: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Malta 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 130
Chart 59: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Moldova 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 131
Chart 60: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Moldova 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 132
Chart 61: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Montenegro 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 133
Chart 62: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Montenegro 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 136
Chart 63: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Netherlands 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 138
Chart 64: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Netherlands 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 139
Chart 65: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Norway 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 140
Chart 66: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Norway 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 141
Chart 67: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Poland 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 142
Chart 68: Reference Auction Price for New Renewable Energy Power Plants in Poland ≥ 1 MW in 2018 145
Chart 69: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Poland 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 145
Chart 70: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Portugal 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 146
Chart 71: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Portugal 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 148
Chart 72: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Romania 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 150
Chart 73: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Romania 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 152
Chart 74: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Russia 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 153
Chart 75: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Russia 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 155
Chart 76: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Serbia 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 156
Chart 77: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Serbia 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 159
Chart 78: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Slovakia 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 160
Chart 79: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Slovakia 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 162
Chart 80: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Slovenia 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 163
Chart 81: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Slovenia 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 166
Chart 82: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Spain 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 167
Chart 83: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Spain 2008 – 2028 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 168
Chart 84: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Sweden 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 169
Chart 85: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Sweden 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 172
Chart 86: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Switzerland 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 173
Chart 87: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Switzerland 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 175
Chart 88: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Turkey 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 176
Chart 89: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Turkey 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 179
Chart 90: The map setting out TEİAŞ’s regional limits to the electrical capacity increases for 2019 180
Chart 91: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Ukraine 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 182
Chart 92: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in Ukraine 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 185
Chart 93: Cumulative Development Forecast of Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in the United Kingdom 2013 - 2033 (in GW), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 187
Chart 94: Cumulative Investment Volume in Corporate Renewable PPA Capacity in the United Kingdom 2013 - 2033 (in Billions EUR), including estimates; Renewable Market WatchTM 190
Chart 95: Mandatory Capacity Generation Targets for Share of Renewable Energies in Gross Final Energy Demand in the European Union (EU) Countries by 2030 193
Chart 96: Forecast for Total Net Generation Capacity in the EU by Source Type by 2032 197
Chart 97: Smart Grid Model Concept 205
Chart 98: Cumulative Number of Smart Grid Projects in Selected European countries Compared to Average EU number and Budget Invested (in € million), 2013 ÷ 2023 206
Chart 99: Cumulative Budget (in € million) of Smart Grid Projects per Smart Grid Application in Selected European countries Compared to Average EU Numbers, 2023 207

Table 1: Support Schemes for Renewable Energy Sources (RES) Generation in Europe 46
Table 2: Albanian Annual Solar Radiation Hours by City 51
Table 3: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Albania 53
Table 4: Corporate PPA Deals in Albania (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 53
Table 5: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Armenia 56
Table 6: Corporate PPA Deals in Armenia (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 56
Table 7: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Austria 58
Table 8: Corporate PPA Deals in Austria (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 60
Table 9: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Azerbaijan 62
Table 10: Corporate PPA Deals in Azerbaijan (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 62
Table 11: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Belarus; Renewable Market WatchTM 64
Table 12: Corporate PPA Deals in Belarus (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 64
Table 13: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Belgium 65
Table 14: Subsidies for Net Metering in Belgium and Corporate Renewable PPA Support Scheme 68
Table 15: Corporate PPA Deals in Belgium (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 68
Table 16: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Bosnia and Herzegovina 69
Table 17: Corporate PPA Deals in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 73
Table 18: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Bulgaria 75
Table 19: Corporate PPA Deals in Bulgaria (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 77
Table 20: Corporate PPA Deals in Croatia (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 80
Table 21: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Croatia 81
Table 22: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Cyprus 83
Table 23: Corporate PPA Deals in Cyprus (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 85
Table 24: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in the Czech Republic 86
Table 25: Corporate PPA Deals in the Czech Republic (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 88
Table 26: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Denmark 90
Table 27: Corporate PPA Deals in Denmark (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 90
Table 28: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Estonia; Renewable Market WatchTM 92
Table 29: Corporate PPA Deals in Estonia (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 92
Table 30: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Finland 94
Table 31: Corporate PPA Deals in Finland (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 94
Table 32: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in France 96
Table 33: Corporate PPA Deals in France (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 96
Table 34: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Georgia 97
Table 35: Corporate PPA Deals in Georgia (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 98
Table 36: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Germany 101
Table 37: Corporate PPA Deals in Germany (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 101
Table 38: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Greece 102
Table 40: Corporate PPA Deals in Greece (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 105
Table 41: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Hungary 107
Table 42: Corporate PPA Deals in Hungary (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 108
Table 43: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Ireland 109
Table 44: Corporate PPA Deals in Ireland (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 110
Table 45: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Italy 111
Table 46: Corporate PPA Deals in Italy (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 112
Table 47: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Kazakhstan 117
Table 48: Corporate PPA Deals in Kazakhstan (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 118
Table 49: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Kosovo 120
Table 50: Corporate PPA Deals in Kosovo (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 120
Table 51: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Latvia 121
Table 52: Corporate PPA Deals in Latvia (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 122
Table 53: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Lithuania 124
Table 54: Corporate PPA Deals in Lithuania (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 125
Table 55: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in North Macedonia 128
Table 56: Corporate PPA Deals in North Macedonia (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 128
Table 57: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Malta 130
Table 58: Corporate PPA Deals in Malta (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 130
Table 59: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Moldova 132
Table 60: Corporate PPA Deals in Moldova (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 132
Table 61: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Montenegro 134
Table 62: Corporate PPA Deals in Montenegro (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 136
Table 63: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in the Netherlands 137
Table 64: Corporate PPA Deals in the Netherlands (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 139
Table 65: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Norway 140
Table 66: Corporate PPA Deals in Norway (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 141
Table 67: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Poland 144
Table 68: Corporate PPA Deals in Poland (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 145
Table 69: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Portugal 148
Table 70: Corporate PPA Deals in Portugal (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 149
Table 71: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs, Green Certificates and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Romania 151
Table 72: Corporate PPA Deals in Romania (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 152
Table 73: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Russia 154
Table 74: Corporate PPA Deals in Russia (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 154
Table 75: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Serbia 157
Table 76: Corporate PPA Deals in Serbia (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 159
Table 77: Corporate PPA Deals in Slovakia (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 161
Table 78: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Slovakia 162
Table 79: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Slovenia 165
Table 80: Corporate PPA Deals in Slovenia (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 165
Table 81: Corporate PPA Deals in Spain (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 167
Table 82: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Spain 168
Table 83: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Sweden; Renewable Market WatchTM 171
Table 84: Corporate PPA Deals in Sweden (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 171
Table 85: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Switzerland 174
Table 86: Corporate PPA Deals in Switzerland (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 175
Table 87: Corporate PPA Deals in Turkey (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 177
Table 88: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Turkey 178
Table 89: Additional Incentives to Feed-in-tariffs for Electricity from Solar PV Sources in Turkey for Domestic Procurement 179
Table 90: Corporate PPA Deals in Ukraine (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 183
Table 91: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in Ukraine 184
Table 92: Local Content (Local Procurement) Requirements for Renewable Power Plants in Ukraine 185
Table 93: Corporate PPA Prices, Feed-in-tariffs and Support Scheme for Renewable Energy in the United Kingdom 189
Table 94: Corporate PPA Deals in the United Kingdom (Offtakers, Developers, Projects, Technologies, Capacity and Tenor) 190
Table 95: Support Schemes for Corporate Renewable PPA Energy in Selected European Countries. Comparative Analysis 2023 191
Table 96: Grid Connection and Access Regimes in the European Union (EU) 2023 195
Table 97: List of TSO's in Selected European Countries 2023 197